INA powder metallurgy bearing failure experience test method

It is not uncommon for INA bearings to malfunction during operation, so there is no need to make a fuss. A failure has occurred and it is critical to judge and deal with it.
When the mechanism is running, the part where the bearing is installed is allowed to have a certain temperature. When the body of the mechanism is touched by hand, it should be normal to not feel hot, otherwise the bearing temperature is too high.
The reasons for the bearing temperature being too high are: the quality of the lubricating oil does not meet the requirements or deteriorates, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too high; the assembly of the mechanism is too tight (the gap is insufficient); the bearing assembly is too tight; the bearing race rotates on the shaft or inside the casing; Large; INA bearing cage or rolling body fragmentation.
Some operators lack experience in identifying powder metallurgy bearings. As long as they see no obvious damage to the powder metallurgy bearings, they continue to be used, causing serious failures. Some people only need to remove the powder metallurgy bearing, replace it without inspection, and sometimes replace the INA bearing that can continue to be used. The technical condition of the powder metallurgy bearing should be checked on a special inspection instrument, and some data can be measured with a dial gauge. However, for general operators, when these conditions are not available, they can be roughly checked by empirical methods.
(1) Observation method. The powder metallurgy bearing is observed with the naked eye. The inner and outer raceways should be free of flaking marks and severe wear, and have a circular groove shape; all rolling elements should have no spots, cracks and peeling on the surface; the cage should not be loose, no damage, no Wear through, but the gap between the rolling elements is not too large.
(2) Hand feeling method. The gap between the inner and outer races of the normal bearing and the rolling elements is 0.005 to 0.010 mm. For powder metallurgy bearings that have been used in one stage, when the inner race is pinched with fingers to perform axial shaking, there should be no obvious shaking sound.
(3) Rotation method. Hold the inner race of the bearing with one hand and turn the outer race with the other hand. The INA bearing should be able to rotate flexibly and should not feel radial sway.
During the inspection, the above three empirical methods should be combined to facilitate the correct judgment of the technical state of the powder metallurgy bearing. For tapered roller bearings, it should also be observed whether the rolling elements are located in the middle of the outer race. If there is a forward movement, it should not exceed 1.5 mm.
Powder metallurgy bearings allow a slight running noise during operation. If the sound is too loud or there is abnormal noise or impact, it indicates that the INA bearing is faulty.
The cause of noise generated by powder metallurgy bearings is more complicated. One is the wear of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. As a result of this wear, the bearing and the housing, the INA bearing and the shaft are broken, causing the axis to deviate from the correct position and produce an abnormal sound when the shaft is moving at a high speed. When the bearing is fatigued, the surface metal peeling off will also increase the radial clearance of the bearing to produce abnormal noise. In addition, the bearing is insufficiently lubricated to form a dry

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Rolling bearings are classified by size

Imported bearings are classified according to their outer diameter size:

Miniature bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 26 mm or less.
Small bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 28-55 mm.
Small and medium-sized bearings – bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 60-115 mm.
Medium and large bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 120-190mm.
Large bearings - imported bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 200-430mm.
Extra large bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 440 mm or more.

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Extend the life cycle of TIMKEN angular contact ball bearings from maintenance

The main task of angular contact ball bearing failure analysis is to find out the main factors causing bearing failure based on a large number of background materials, analysis data and failure modes, so as to propose improvement measures in a targeted manner, extend the service life of bearings, and avoid TIMKEN bearings. A sudden early failure occurred.

First of all, the structural design is reasonable and advanced, so that there will be a long angular contact ball bearing life. Bearings are generally manufactured through multiple processes such as forging, heat treatment, turning, grinding and assembly. The rationality, advancement and stability of each processing technology will also affect the life of the bearing. The heat treatment and grinding processes that affect the quality of the finished TIMKEN bearing often have a more direct relationship with the failure of the bearing. In recent years, research on the metamorphic layer of bearing working surface shows that the grinding process is closely related to the bearing surface quality.

1, pay attention to the installation of the bearing

Whether the bearing is installed correctly affects accuracy, life and performance. Therefore, the design and assembly department should fully study the installation of bearing products. I hope to install according to the operating standards. The items of the job standard are usually as follows:

(1) cleaning the bearing and bearing related components;

(2) Check the size and finishing of the connected components;

(3) installation;

(4) Inspection after installing the bearing;

(5) Supply lubricant. Carefully do the five steps of bearing installation

2, alignment, straightening

After the TIMKEN bearing is installed, alignment may result in additional loads, friction and vibration of the bearing if not carefully aligned. These can accelerate fatigue and reduce the service life of bearing products and can damage the life of other machine parts. In addition, increased vibration and friction can greatly increase energy consumption and risk of premature failure.

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Analysis of the Influence of TIMKEN Micro-bearing Lubrication Method on Performance

When testing the advantages of chrome steel and stainless steel as TIMKEN bearing materials, they were found to not only have rust preventive effects. Chrome steel is the most common miniature bearing material. It is harder than stainless steel, so it lasts longer. However, at higher temperatures, its performance is not good.

At a high temperature of 120C, it undergoes tremendous deformation and the load is reduced. It can withstand a high temperature of 150C, but an instantaneous temperature of 150C or higher will reduce the life of the imported bearings. The heat treatment can subject the bearing to an elevated temperature of 170C.

The purpose of lubrication of TIMKEN bearings is to reduce internal friction and wear of the bearings, to prevent sticking, and the lubricating effect is as follows.

(1). Reduce friction and wear.

In the mutual contact portion of the ferrule, the rolling element and the retainer constituting the micro bearing, metal contact is prevented, and friction and wear are reduced.

(2). Extend fatigue life.

The rolling fatigue life of the bearing is prolonged when the rolling contact surface is well lubricated during rotation. Conversely, if the oil viscosity is low and the thickness of the lubricating oil film is not good, it is shortened.

(3). Discharge friction heat, cooling

The circulation oil supply method or the like can be used to discharge heat generated by friction or heat from the outside to cool. Prevent the bearing from overheating and prevent the lubricant from aging itself.

(4). Other

There is also the effect of preventing foreign matter from entering the inside of the bearing or preventing rust and corrosion.

Lubrication method:

The lubrication method of TIMKEN bearings is divided into grease lubrication and oil lubrication. In order to make the miniature bearing function well, first of all, it is necessary to select a lubrication method suitable for the conditions of use and purpose of use. Lubricity of oil lubrication predominates if only lubrication is considered. However, grease lubrication has the advantage of simplifying the structure around the bearing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of grease lubrication and oil lubrication.

The most common stainless steel 440 for miniature bearings, it is hard enough and strong to load (20% less than brass steel), but it can resist rust, can withstand the instantaneous high temperature of 250C and the continuous high temperature of 300C. We often mistakenly think that all stainless steel is non-magnetic. 440 stainless steel is magnetic. It is not completely rust-proof, but is affected by salt, acid and alkali. 316 grade

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Simple detection method for KOYO bearings lacking lubricating oil

The normal use color of KOYO bearing lubricants is brown and blue black. If it is milky yellow, it indicates that diesel oil or water is added to the oil and should be replaced in time. If it is dark black, it indicates that the oil has deteriorated and must be replaced in time.

The oil to be inspected is evenly mixed and dropped on a white paper (preferably a filter paper) to form oil spots, and the oil spots gradually diffuse from the center outward for about 2 to 3 hours to form three concentric rings. The state of the oil can be discerned based on the color, width and shape of the three areas.

Remove a little oil from the low shell of the oil, apply it on your fingers, and rub it with your fingers and thumb. If you feel that there is impurities in the oil or that it is not sticky like water, or even hairy or sour, the oil has deteriorated. If you can see a small shiny metal grinding on your finger after honing, it means that the engine has a serious wear part, and it also means that the oil must be replaced immediately.

1. Judging from KOYO bearing size specifications

First of all, it is necessary to focus on the KOYO bearing dimensional accuracy, rotation accuracy, internal clearance and mating surfaces, raceway surfaces, cages and seals. Then, for the result of the inspection, it can be judged by the inertial bearing or the master bearing.

2. Whether the KOYO bearing is reused

The criteria for judging the use of KOYO bearings are based on their mechanical properties and importance as well as the inspection cycle. In the event of breakage and defects in the bearing components and peeling of the rolling surface of the raceway, the bearings must not be reused and must be replaced.

In the process of using KOYO bearings, in order to be able to fully play and maintain its proper performance for a long time, regular maintenance measures should be taken. The use efficiency of the bearing can be improved by the following appropriate cleaning inspection measures.

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FAG flat bearing fault handling and necessary maintenance measures

When the mechanism is running, the part where the bearing is installed is allowed to have a certain temperature. When the body of the mechanism is touched by hand, it should be normal to not feel hot, otherwise the temperature of the FAG bearing is too high.

The reasons for the bearing temperature being too high are: the quality of the lubricating oil does not meet the requirements or deteriorates, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too high; the assembly of the mechanism is too tight (the gap is insufficient); the assembly of the planar bearing is too tight; the bearing race rotates on the shaft or inside the casing; Too large; bearing cage or rolling element fragmentation.

Planar bearings allow a slight running noise during operation. If the sound is too loud or there is abnormal noise or impact, the bearing is faulty.

The causes of noise generated by rolling bearings are more complicated. One is the wear of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. Due to this wear, the bearing and the housing, the bearing and the shaft are broken, resulting in the axis deviating from the correct position and generating an abnormal sound when the shaft is moving at a high speed. When the bearing is fatigued, the surface metal peeling off will also increase the radial clearance of the bearing to produce abnormal noise. In addition, FAG bearings are insufficiently lubricated, dry friction is formed, and bearing crushing and the like can produce abnormal sounds. After the bearing wears loose, the cage is loose and damaged, and abnormal noise is also generated.

1. Bearing maintenance: In order to maintain the original performance of the bearing in a good condition for as long as possible, maintenance, overhaul, and accident prevention are required to ensure the reliability of operation and improve productivity and economy.

Maintenance is best carried out on a regular basis in accordance with the operating standards for the mechanical operating conditions. The content includes monitoring of operating conditions, replenishment or replacement of lubricants, and periodic disassembly inspections. The maintenance items in operation include the rotation sound, vibration, temperature, and lubricant status of the FAG bearing.

2. Inspection of the bearing: Cleaning of the bearing: When disassembling the bearing for repair, first record the appearance of the flat bearing, confirm the residual amount of the lubricant, and wash the bearing after sampling the lubricant for inspection. As a cleaning agent, gasoline and kerosene are commonly used.

The cleaning of the removed bearings is divided into coarse cleaning and fine cleaning. They are placed in the container respectively, and the metal mesh bottom is placed first so that the bearing does not directly contact the container. In rough cleaning, if the bearing is rotated with dirt, it will damage the rolling surface of the bearing and should be noted. In the rough cleaning oil, use a brush to remove the grease and the adhesive. After it is almost clean, it is transferred to the fine wash.

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German FAG bearing disassembly and assembly skills maintenance method

1. Loosen the bolts that secure the bearing housing. The German FAG bearings are removed from the shaft together with the housing. Note before the German FAG housing on the end of the shaft. The I-bearing bolts at the other end of the shaft should be loosened to prevent the bearings at both ends from being damaged by each other.

2. First loosen the locking screw on the eccentric sleeve of the German FAG bearing with an Allen key, then insert the small iron rod into the counterbore on the eccentric sleeve of the top cover and loosen the eccentric sleeve against the direction of rotation of the shaft.

Many people use improper installation methods in the installation of bearings, resulting in damage to German FAG bearings. So how do you install the bearings correctly? I hope everyone can understand the installation and disassembly of the bearing more comprehensively:

For clearance-fitted bearing rings, it is recommended to apply a thin layer of anti-creeping etchant on the mating surface to prevent frictional corrosion between the mating surfaces.

The 390000 series outer spherical bearing is used to fix the inner ring of the bearing and the shaft through an eccentric sleeve, and the hexagon socket screw on the eccentric sleeve is used for fastening. In the maintenance, many operators will not disassemble this German FAG bearing, so it is necessary to introduce the technical points and precautions for disassembling the 390000 series outer spherical bearing:

Proper installation is very important for the use of German FAG bearings. I hope that everyone can use the correct installation method in future use.

When installing, it can be selected according to its type and size, mechanical, heating or hydraulic. The force applied to the bearing during installation must never be transferred from one bearing ring to another German FAG bearing ring by rolling elements, otherwise the raceway may be damaged. However, under no circumstances can you directly hit the bearing ring, cage, rolling element or seal.

installation

3. Install the eccentric sleeve. Firstly, the eccentric bushing is placed on the eccentric step of the German FAG bearing inner sleeve, and the hand is screwed in the direction of the shaft. Then insert or hold the small iron rod against the counterbore on the eccentric sleeve. 1. Use a hammer to strike a small iron rod in the direction of rotation of the shaft. Install the eccentric sleeve securely and finally lock the socket head cap screws on the eccentric sleeve.

4. The bolts that fix the German FAG bearing housing should not be tightened first, so that the bearing housing can rotate in the bearing housing. Then fasten the bearing block bolts. Also install the other end bearing and seat on the same shaft, rotate the shaft a few turns, and let the German FAG bearing itself automatically find the position.

5. Apply lubricant to the bearing seat and bearing mating surface, and install the German FAG bearing into the bearing housing. Then the assembled bearing is placed on the shaft together with the German FAG bearing. Push to the desired location for installation.

6. Before installing the German FAG bearing on the shaft, the bearing pin of the bearing sleeve must be unplugged, and the surface of the journal should be smoothed and cleaned, and oiled on the journal to prevent rust and lubrication (allowing the bearing to rotate slightly on the shaft).

1. Clean the dust on the fan to avoid any dust entering the bearing during the installation process;

2. Remove the self-adhesive of the bearing seal and remove the bayonet pin on the shaft;

3. Wipe the residual oil in the bearing with a clean tissue or a soft cloth, and then wipe the shaft clean;

4, add a little butter in the bearing, the principle is to be more than not to avoid serious impact on the speed;

5. Cut the aluminum skin of the can to cut a round piece as the outer diameter of the bearing pin, and dig a small hole in the middle that can pass through the shaft, and pad it between the bearing and the bayonet. The distance that the small bearing moves axially and moves in parallel. If the gap is large, it is necessary to put a few thickening on the pad, so that the front and rear moving distance of the bearing is below 0.5mm;

6. Seal the oil seal, add a little butter, and finally put the fan back into the graphics card. Try connecting the power, you will find that the sound is much smaller, and this can be used for at least 2 years. But need to be reminded, although the sound is a little smaller, but because of the limited manual accuracy, the speed will drop a little.

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Grinding machine static pressure NTN bearing maintenance method

Static pressure NTN bearings have high rotation precision, good rigidity, high bearing capacity, no wear and high durability. The following are some of the experiences of static pressure NTN bearings in the process of repair and try to obtain, for your reference only.

1. Small hole throttle:

(1). Change the internal throttling to external throttling, and add a pressure gauge to instantly display the upper and lower chamber pressure. It is easy to maintain, especially it can be cleaned regularly, which is unmatched by the internal throttle.

(2). Throttling ratio. The theoretical value of the throttle ratio β is between 1.2 and 1.5, and 1.25 is preferred based on years of experience. In this way, the geometric accuracy of the main shaft, the geometrical accuracy of the front and rear bearing pads, the concentricity, the roundness and the taper need to be strictly controlled in order to ensure the β value. The e value (the eccentricity of the main axis and the geometric center of the bearing bush) is determined according to the load carrying capacity of the machine tool to optimize the β value.

(3). When the oil chamber is not equipped with the main shaft, the oil column of each oil outlet must be consistent (observation method). If it is inconsistent, the flow rate should be changed by changing the orifice diameter of the throttle. Taking 4 chambers as an example, the oil column of the lower, left and right chambers is generally between 20 and 25 mm, and the diameter of the small holes is 0.25 to 0.4 mm.

2. Thin film feedback throttle:

The film feedback throttle NTN bearing stiffness is very large, but the machine tool often appears in the operation of the tiling, pulling, falling pressure and so on. The most critical of the film feedback is the film. In practice, the main reasons for the bearing lock and pulling are: 1 plastic deformation of the film; 2 slow feedback. When the external load is abrupt, the shaft and the tile have already rubbed when the film has not reacted; 3 the film is fatigued. The film is used for a long time and fatigue deformation, which is equivalent to changing the feedback parameters.

Increased film thickness and the use of some fatigue-resistant materials can achieve good results. Generally, a rigid film, a preload, and a gap are reserved. The specific method is: change the 1.4mm thick film to a 4mm thick rigid film, and place a 0.05mm thick tin foil in the lower cavity to adjust the spindle to a position 0.05mm higher than the ideal position. The purpose is to return to the ideal center just after the spindle is stressed (grinding weight, cutting force).

3. Improvement of the oil supply system:

In the static pressure NTN bearing oil supply system, except for the coarse filter and the fine filter, the other components have a protective effect on the static pressure NTN bearing. The oil supply system is improved on the basis of the original system.

(1). Connect the pressure relay and pressure gauge (originally in front of the accumulator) at the oil outlet behind the throttle plate so that the operator can see the pressure and pressure of the chamber. When the pressure difference is greater than a certain value, in order to stop immediately, so as to avoid the axle lock. Such as: pressure 2MPa, oral pressure 1.2 ~ 1.6MPa, less than 1.2MPa will stop.

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The main cause of corrosion of NTN bearings

The main causes of corrosion are as follows:

1. In the process of producing NTN bearings, some enterprises did not strictly follow the requirements of cleaning anti-rust regulations and oil seal anti-rust packaging for the anti-rust treatment of NTN bearing parts and assembled NTN bearing products in the process. If the ferrule has a long turnaround time during the turnaround, the outer ring of the outer ring is exposed to corrosive liquid or gas.

2. The quality of anti-rust lubricating oil and cleaning kerosene used by some enterprises in production cannot meet the requirements of process technology.

3. As the price of NTN bearing steel drops and then drops, the material of NTN bearing steel gradually declines. For example, the content of non-metallic impurities in the steel is too high (the increase in sulfur content in the steel causes the corrosion resistance of the material itself to decrease), the metallographic structure deviation, and the like. The source of NTN bearing steel used in production companies is more complicated, and the quality of steel is even more.

4. Some enterprises have poor environmental conditions, high levels of harmful substances in the air, and too little turnover space, making it difficult to carry out effective anti-rust treatment. Coupled with the hot weather, production workers violated anti-rust procedures and other phenomena.

5, some enterprises' anti-rust paper, nylon paper (bag) and plastic cylinders and other NTN bearing packaging materials do not meet the requirements of rolling NTN bearing oil seal anti-rust packaging is also one of the factors causing corrosion.

6. The turning allowance and grinding allowance of NTN bearing rings of some enterprises are small, and the oxide scale and decarburization layer on the outer circle are not completely removed.

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Light and medium load sliding bearing lubricant selection

Operating temperature 10-60 ° C, journal pressure 3MPa or less:

Spindle journal speed > 9m / s, lubricating oil 40 ° C viscosity 5-27mm2 / s, suitable lubricants L-AN5, L-AN10, L-AN15 full loss system oil;

Spindle journal speed 9-5m/s, lubricating oil 40°C viscosity 15-50mm2/s, suitable lubricating oil L-AN15, L-AN32 total loss system oil or L-TSA46 turbine oil;

Spindle journal speed of 5-2.5m / s, lubricating oil 40 ° C viscosity 32-60mm2 / s, suitable lubricant L-AN32, L-AN46 full loss system oil or L-TSA46 turbine oil;

Spindle journal speed: 2.5-1m/s, lubricating oil 40°C viscosity 42-70mm2/s, suitable lubricating oil L-AN46, L-AN68 total loss system oil or L-TSA46 turbine oil or No. 20 gasoline engine oil;

Spindle journal speed of 1-0.3m/s, lubricating oil 40°C viscosity 42-80mm2/s, suitable lubricating oil L-AN46, L-AN68 total loss system oil or L-TSA46 turbine oil or No. 20 turbine oil ;

Spindle journal speed of 0.3-0.1, oil 40 °C viscosity 70-150mm2 / s, suitable lubricating oil L-AN68, L-AN100, L-AN150 full loss system oil or 30# gasoline engine oil;

Spindle journal speed <0.1m/s, oil 40°C viscosity 80-150mm2/s, suitable lubricating oil L-AN100, L-AN150 total loss system oil or 30#, 40# gasoline engine oil.

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Method for adjusting pre-tightening amount adjustment eccentric bearing

Bearings in the installation process to control the preload is mainly angular contact ball bearings, eccentric bearings, tapered roller bearings, tapered double row cylindrical rollers, etc., in the final stage of these types of bearing installation, it is more accurate Adjust the clearance, that is, control the preload amount (load), especially for the shafting system that has strict requirements on the rotation accuracy, noise and temperature rise of the machine tool spindle, not only the preload amount (load) adjustment clearance should be controlled during the initial installation. And also need to adjust in use. There are many pre-tightening control methods. The following are several methods for controlling the pre-tightening amount to adjust the play.

(1) Measuring the starting friction torque of the eccentric bearing, pre-measuring the relationship between the starting friction torque of the bearing and the axial load, and controlling the starting friction torque to adjust the pre-tightening amount, which is often used for the axial direction of the pair of tapered roller bearings installed. Preload

(2) Measuring the axial displacement of the bearing, pre-measuring the relationship between the axial load and the axial displacement of the eccentric bearing for the tapered bore bearing, and adjusting the preload by controlling the axial displacement

(3) Measuring the deformation amount of the preload spring, measuring the relationship between the load and the deformation of the spring in advance, and controlling the deformation amount to adjust the load of the constant pressure preload

(4) Measure the tightening torque of the nut. When pre-tightening the bearing with a nut, adjust the pre-tightening amount with the tightening torque of the control nut.

(5), using the bearing end cover padding, will cause one end to tighten, the other end bearing does not put the gasket first, tighten the screw, when the shaft is not free to rotate, it shows that there is no play in the shaft system, with thickness gauge, etc. Measure the gap between the end cap and the end of the bearing housing. Add this value to the required clearance value.

(6), using the middle spacing sleeve, the length of the inner ring spacer can be calculated from the length of the outer ring spacer of the bearing and the supporting size. It can also be measured to determine the preloading load of the eccentric bearing. It is difficult to detect with a few special instruments. In addition, most of them use the dial gauge to measure the axial direction of the shaft, the radial displacement or the measured starting friction torque. Some foreign bearing companies use the special instrument and some structure to pre-tighten the pre-tightening load at the optimum value. The load is detected and adjusted to achieve pre-loading control.

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Imported bearing storage and storage methods

Precautions for use

Rolling inlet bearings are more accurate than general mechanical parts, so care should be taken when using them.

1) Keep the imported bearings and their surroundings clean

2) Careful and careful when using

If used carelessly, the imported bearings will have strong impact, which will cause injuries, indentations, breaks and other injuries on the imported bearings.

3) Use the right tools

4) Pay attention to the rust prevention of imported bearings

Avoid using it in wet areas, and wear gloves if you don't get sweat on it.

5) Users should be familiar with imported bearings

6) Formulate operational specifications for the use of imported bearings

a, the preservation of imported bearings

b. Cleaning of imported bearings and their surroundings

c. Inspection of the size and processing quality of the installation site

d, installation work

e, post-installation check

f, disassembly work {TodayHot}

g, maintenance (regular inspection)

h, lubricant supplement

Storage of imported bearings

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Prevent premature failure of 16% INA bearings

In the case of premature failure of all INA bearings, approximately 16% were caused by improper installation or incorrect installation methods. Various applications may require mechanical, heating or hydraulic mounting methods to properly and efficiently install INA bearings. Choosing the right installation method for your application will help you extend the life of your INA bearing and reduce the cost of premature failure of INA bearings and potential damage to your application.

INA bearing cold installation

Small and medium INA bearings are generally cold mounted. Traditionally, INA bearings have been mounted with a hammer and a length of old pipe. This can cause external forces to pass through the rolling elements, which can damage the raceway. The installation tool applies an external force to the INA bearing ring with a press fit to help prevent damage to the INA bearing.

INA bearing thermal installation

The INA bearing is usually heated in an oil bath before installation. However, this method may contaminate the INA bearing and cause the INA bearing to fail prematurely. Induction heating is now the most common means of heating INA bearings because of its high controllability, efficiency and safety. The Group has established standards for the development of induction heaters for INA bearing applications. INA bearing induction heaters have many functions to help prevent damage to the INA bearing during heating.

Install INA bearings with hydraulic technology

It is a pioneer in the use of hydraulic technology in INA bearing installations, including oil injection and drive mounting. These methods help simplify the INA bearing configuration and help to install INA bearings correctly and easily. A wide variety of tools and equipment have also been developed to put these hydraulic technologies into practice.

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Self-aligning ball bearing failure cause and operation check work points and daily maintenance skills

After the TIMKEN bearing is installed, check the operation in order to check if the installation is correct. The small machine can be rotated by hand to confirm whether the rotation is smooth. The inspection items have poor operation due to foreign matter, scratches, and indentations. The installation is poor, the torque generated by the mounting is not stable, and the torque is too large due to too small clearance, installation error, and sealing friction. Wait. If there is no abnormality, the power running can be started.
Large machinery cannot be rotated manually, so the power is cut off immediately after the start of the no-load, the machine is idling, and the presence or absence of vibration, noise, and contact of the rotating parts is checked. After confirming that there is no abnormality, the power is turned on.
The power running starts from the no-load low speed and slowly increases to the rated operation of the specified conditions. The items to be checked during the test run are whether there is abnormal sound, change in the temperature of the self-aligning ball bearing, leakage or discoloration of the lubricant, and the like. If an abnormality is found, stop the operation immediately, check the machine, and remove the bearing check if necessary.
TIMKEN bearing temperature can generally be estimated based on the external temperature of the bearing housing. However, it is more accurate to directly measure the temperature of the outer ring of the bearing by using the oil hole. The bearing temperature gradually rises from the start of the operation, and the temperature is usually stable after 1 to 2 hours. If the bearing is poorly installed, the temperature will rise sharply and an abnormally high temperature will occur. The reasons are such as excessive lubricant, too small bearing clearance, poor installation, excessive friction of the sealing device, and the like. In the case of high-speed rotation, the selection of TIMKEN bearing structure and lubrication method is also the cause.
The rotation sound of TIMKEN bearings is checked with a stethoscope, etc., and there are strong metal noise, abnormal sounds, irregular sounds, etc. to explain abnormalities. The reasons are poor lubrication, poor accuracy of the shaft or housing, bearing damage, and foreign matter intrusion.
The surface of the steel under transient high temperature acts on the oxygen in the air and rises into a very thin (20-30 nm) thin layer of iron oxide. It is worth noting that the thickness of the oxide layer is corresponding to the test results of the total thickness of the surface-grinding metamorphic layer. This shows that the thickness of the oxide layer is directly related to the grinding process and is an important indicator of the quality of the grinding.

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The importance of proper use of lubricants for the operation of SKF bearings

Of course, if the operating speed of the imported bearings is very low and it is necessary to work in a polluted and humid environment, it is best to fill the SKF housing with grease.
The standard products offered are more than 20,000 types of bearings. In addition to rolling bearings, the Group also manufactures linear bearings, plain bearings, bearing housings, ball and roller screws, textile machinery components, retaining rings, machine tools and various precision mechanical components. With extensive experience in these areas, he has the knowledge and expertise to develop, manufacture and apply a wide range of advanced engineering products. Smaller such as micro-bearings weighing only 0.003 grams, up to each of the thirty-four tons of giant bearings. In addition, a series of bearing repair tools, grease and bearing monitoring instruments (bearing heaters, pullers, etc.) are also available, in order to achieve higher efficiency for bearing users and achieve worry-free operation.
Bearings are precision components, SKF bearings and grease contaminated, will not operate. Bearings In addition, at least 14% of all contaminations that have been sealed with grease are maintenance-free. Only a small portion of all bearings failing early is significantly affected by the use of bearings. Bearings have excellent manufacturing and design capabilities to provide a wide range of harsh working condition sealing solutions.
The grease chemically reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce an acidic substance. It first consumes the antioxidant additive in the fat, but to a certain extent, the organic acid formed will corrode the metal component and destroy the structure of the fat to make it drop. Decrease, increase in viscosity of base oil, and deterioration of fluidity. A large number of tests have shown that the higher the temperature, the more pronounced the decline in grease life. For example, when the temperature is between 90 and 100 degrees, the life of the grease is reduced by about half for every 19 degrees of temperature increase. At 10 to 150 degrees, the fat life will be reduced by half for every 15 degrees of temperature increase.
In addition, moisture, dust, and harmful gases in the environment in which the grease is used are also important factors for deterioration. For example, the wear of particles such as copper, iron, lead and bronze in the grease will catalyze the oxidation of the fat. In short, there are many reasons for the failure of grease, sometimes it may be caused by a certain cause, but more is the result of multiple factors acting together, or a breakthrough for one reason, and then other reasons work together.

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Repair method of roller bearing

The lubricant inside the roller bearing can be roughly divided into oil and grease. Basically, most of the lubricants used in the production of SKATE are grease lubricants, and some of the products on the market are made of oil as a lubricant.
Repair method
· Preparation: Dry towel, sharp tongs, bearing cleaning night, bearing lubricant or grease.
a. Remove the C-ring and shroud: Wipe the dirt off the bearing with a dry towel, then use a pointed plier to lift the side of the C-ring and remove the C-ring and shroud.
b. Bearing cleaning fluid: soak the bearing in the bearing cleaning fluid bought on the market, and shake it at this time, the foreign matter inside the bearing will be shaken out, and some supermarkets buy ultrasonic cleaning machine is also very helpful in removing foreign matter. .
c. Drying: Remove the bearing from the cleaning solution, wipe the cleaning solution with a dry towel, and dry in a cool place.
d. Inject the lubricant according to the trend to inject grease or oil into the bearing, cover the shroud and reattach the C-ring.
e. Detection: Perform several rotations after grasping the inner ring with the fingers that have been assembled into the original state.

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Fault diagnosis and inspection of separation bearing damage

If the clutch is not able to meet the above requirements, it is considered a malfunction. After a fault occurs, first determine which phenomenon is the separation bearing damage. After the engine is started, the clutch pedal is lightly pressed. When the free travel is just eliminated, the “sand” sound that appears is the separation of the bearing rings.
When checking, the clutch bottom cover can be removed, and then a few accelerator pedals are pressed to slightly increase the engine speed. If the sound is louder, observe the presence or absence of Mars. If there is Mars, the clutch release bearing is damaged. If Mars is in a single strand, it means that the separation bearing balls are broken. If there is no Mars, but the metal breaks, it means excessive wear.

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Bearing inner ring fixing method

    Shoulder shoulder fixation
     The inner ring of the bearing is axially fixed by means of the shoulder and the interference.
     Suitable for supporting structures fixed at both ends.
     The structure is simple and the outer dimensions are small.
     2. Retaining ring fixing
     The inner ring of the bearing is axially fixed by the shoulder and the lock nut.
     Can withstand small bidirectional axial loads.
     The axial structure is small in size.
     3. Lock nut fixing
     The inner ring of the bearing is axially fixed by the shoulder and the lock nut. And the retaining washer is anti-loose, safe and reliable, suitable for high speed and heavy load occasions.
     4. End thrust washer fixing
     The inner ring of the bearing is axially fixed by the shoulder and the shaft end retaining ring. The shaft end retaining ring is screwed to the shaft end. The fixing screws should have a locking device.
     Applicable to occasions where the shaft end is not suitable for cutting threads or space is limited.
     5. Fixed sleeve fixing
     The axial fixation of the inner ring of the bearing is achieved by the radial dimension of the inner bore of the adapter sleeve being compressed and clamped onto the shaft.
     6. Unloading sleeve fixing
     The withdrawal sleeve is clamped in the same way as the adapter sleeve. But the withdrawal sleeve has a special nut, the shaft

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Shortcomings of bearing grease

Grease has many advantages in bearing use, but it also has the following disadvantages:
(1) The grease is semi-solid and does not flow at normal temperature, so it is difficult to grease or change the grease on the friction parts, and the cleaning of the bearings is not very convenient.
(2) It is difficult to separate moisture, dust, and abrasive debris. In the case of lubricating oil, the impurities generally sink to the lower part or are easily removed by the oil filter.
(3) The stirring resistance is large, so the heat generation is large and the cooling effect is poor. However, it should be noted here that this has a close relationship with the lubrication method. If the lubricating oil is lubricated with a fully immersed (or semi-immersed) oil bath, the grease will consume less power than the oil. For example, the British Journal of Friction and Lubrication reported in 1973, 6th issue: With a rolling bearing with a diameter of 100, the rotational speed is 1500r/min, and it is lubricated with grease. There are many examples of energy consumption in China, such as the fire-resistant tunnel of the Chongqing Iron and Steel Company Refractory Plant. The motor power of the kiln induced draft fan is grease compared to the lubricating oil using N68, and the bearing temperature is 4~6 °C lower.
(4) Not suitable for high speed. In general, the normal mineral oil grease is only allowed to use the transfer speed to become the DN value (bearing inner diameter mm × rotation speed r / min) is less than 300,000 mm · r / min. With the development of grease technology, synthetic lubrication can be used with a DN value of 500,000 to 600,000 or even 1 million. The fastest example of the use of grease is the launch bearing of the high-altitude unmanned jet reconnaissance aircraft (reported by Japan's "Defense Technology" in 1984), which is lubricated with grease in order to reduce the weight of the aircraft. Bearing inner diameter ф25mm, temperature 200 °C, speed 4600r / min, DN value is 1.8 million, with synthetic oil grease to meet the life expectancy of 30min
(5) The stirring resistance is large, so the heat generation is large and the cooling effect is poor.

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Analysis of the causes of premature aging of rolling bearings

    Premature aging of rolling bearings will cause equipment to stop. Now we combine the author's motor maintenance practice to introduce the experience of preventing premature aging of rolling bearings. The reasons for premature aging of rolling bearings are: too tight, poor lubrication, misalignment, strong vibration, material fatigue, pollution and corrosion.

Tight fit

When the inner ring of the bearing is forcibly inserted into the journal, the lighter will cause a severely worn circular path at the bottom of the raceway, and the heavy one will have cracks or peeling on the inner and outer rings of the slideway and the ball. Reason: The gap between the ball and the slide is too small, the torque is increased, the friction is increased, and the working temperature of the bearing is too high, which causes the bearing wear and fatigue to deteriorate and fail.

Prevention method: Restore the radial clearance of the bearing and reduce the interference.

There are two ways to check the quality of bearing assembly:

Visual inspection method: When the bearing cover of the motor end cover is mounted on the bearing, when the end cover is rotated by hand, if the bearing rotates freely and flexibly, there is no vibration and shaking up and down, which is considered qualified.

The feeler gauge method: assemble the motor end cover with the bearing on the frame seat, and check the radial clearance of the bearing with a 0.03mm thick feeler gauge. If the maximum gap position is just above the center (motor horizontal installation) ), the assembly is correct and reliable, otherwise it is poorly installed. The end cap position should be properly adjusted and reassembled until it is qualified.

2. Poor lubrication

The reason is a serious lack of grease or dryness of the grease. Due to the high-speed running friction of the motor, the bearing temperature is too high and oxidative discoloration, which means that the ball, cage, inner ring and journal of the bearing become brown or blue.

Prevention method: According to the running time of the motor, the ambient temperature, the load condition, the quality of the grease, etc., determine the oil replenishment and oil change time. Under normal circumstances, the motor should be replenished once for 6000~10000h; the oil should be changed once for 10000~20000h, and the oil change of the motor with 2 or more poles is 1/2~2/3 of the bearing chamber volume, and High quality lithium grease (code ZL-2) should be used.

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